POLICY_API on ZAP

Buffer Overflow

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Buffer overflow errors are characterized by the overwriting of memory spaces of the background web process, which should have never been modified intentionally or unintentionally. Overwriting values of the IP (Instruction Pointer), BP (Base Pointer) and other registers causes exceptions, segmentation faults, and other process errors to occur. Usually these errors end execution of the application in an unexpected way.

Cloud Metadata Potentially Exposed

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

The Cloud Metadata Attack attempts to abuse a misconfigured NGINX server in order to access the instance metadata maintained by cloud service providers such as AWS, GCP and Azure. All of these providers provide metadata via an internal unroutable IP address ‘169.254.169.254’ - this can be exposed by incorrectly configured NGINX servers and accessed by using this IP address in the Host header field.

CRLF Injection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Cookie can be set via CRLF injection. It may also be possible to set arbitrary HTTP response headers. In addition, by carefully crafting the injected response using cross-site script, cache poisoning vulnerability may also exist.

Directory Browsing

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

It is possible to view the directory listing. Directory listing may reveal hidden scripts, include files, backup source files, etc. which can be accessed to read sensitive information.

Exponential Entity Expansion (Billion Laughs Attack)

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

An exponential entity expansion, or “billion laughs” attack is a type of denial-of-service (DoS) attack. It is aimed at parsers of markup languages like XML or YAML that allow macro expansions.

Exposed Secrets in Swagger/OpenAPI Path

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Swagger UI endpoint exposes sensitive secrets such as client secrets, API keys, or OAuth tokens. These secrets may be accessible in the HTML source and should not be exposed publicly, as this can lead to compromise.

Expression Language Injection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

The software constructs all or part of an expression language (EL) statement in a Java Server Page (JSP) using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended EL statement before it is executed. In certain versions of Spring 3.0.5 and earlier, there was a vulnerability (CVE-2011-2730) in which Expression Language tags would be evaluated twice, which effectively exposed any application to EL injection. However, even for later versions, this weakness is still possible depending on configuration.

External Redirect

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

URL redirectors represent common functionality employed by web sites to forward an incoming request to an alternate resource. This can be done for a variety of reasons and is often done to allow resources to be moved within the directory structure and to avoid breaking functionality for users that request the resource at its previous location. URL redirectors may also be used to implement load balancing, leveraging abbreviated URLs or recording outgoing links. It is this last implementation which is often used in phishing attacks as described in the example below. URL redirectors do not necessarily represent a direct security vulnerability but can be abused by attackers trying to social engineer victims into believing that they are navigating to a site other than the true destination.

External Redirect

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

External Redirect

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

External Redirect

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Format String Error

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

A Format String error occurs when the submitted data of an input string is evaluated as a command by the application.

HTTPS Configuration

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Performs HTTPS configuration analysis including certificate details and supported cipher suites.

HTTPS Security Configuration Issues

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

The HTTPS configuration has one or more security issues identified by the TLS risk assessment.

Integer Overflow Error

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

An integer overflow condition exists when an integer used in a compiled program extends beyond the range limits and has not been properly checked from the input stream.

Parameter Tampering

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Parameter manipulation caused an error page or Java stack trace to be displayed. This indicated lack of exception handling and potential areas for further exploit.

Remote File Inclusion

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Remote File Include (RFI) is an attack technique used to exploit “dynamic file include” mechanisms in web applications. When web applications take user input (URL, parameter value, etc.) and pass them into file include commands, the web application might be tricked into including remote files with malicious code.

Remote OS Command Injection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Attack technique used for unauthorized execution of operating system commands. This attack is possible when an application accepts untrusted input to build operating system commands in an insecure manner involving improper data sanitization, and/or improper calling of external programs.

Remote OS Command Injection (Time Based)

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Server Side Code Injection - ASP Code Injection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

A code injection may be possible including custom code that will be evaluated by the scripting engine.

Server Side Code Injection - PHP Code Injection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

A code injection may be possible including custom code that will be evaluated by the scripting engine.

Server Side Include

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Certain parameters may cause Server Side Include commands to be executed. This may allow database connection or arbitrary code to be executed.

Server Side Template Injection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

When the user input is inserted in the template instead of being used as argument in rendering is evaluated by the template engine. Depending on the template engine it can lead to remote code execution.

Server Side Template Injection (Blind)

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

SOAP Action Spoofing

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

An unintended SOAP operation was executed by the server.

SOAP XML Injection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Some XML injected code has been interpreted by the server.

Spring Actuator Information Leak

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Spring Actuator for Health is enabled and may reveal sensitive information about this application. Spring Actuators can be used for real monitoring purposes, but should be used with caution as to not expose too much information about the application or the infrastructure running it.

SQL Injection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

SQL injection may be possible.

Vulnerable Swagger UI Version Detected

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

This Swagger UI version is known to contain vulnerabilities. Exploitation may allow unauthorized access, XSS, or token theft.

Affected versions:

Swagger UI v2 < 2.2.10
Swagger UI v3 < 3.24.3

XML External Entity Attack

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

This technique takes advantage of a feature of XML to build documents dynamically at the time of processing. An XML message can either provide data explicitly or by pointing to an URI where the data exists. In the attack technique, external entities may replace the entity value with malicious data, alternate referrals or may compromise the security of the data the server/XML application has access to. Attackers may also use External Entities to have the web services server download malicious code or content to the server for use in secondary or follow on attacks.

XPath Injection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

XPath Injection is an attack technique used to exploit applications that construct XPath (XML Path Language) queries from user-supplied input to query or navigate XML documents. It can be used directly by an application to query an XML document, as part of a larger operation such as applying an XSLT transformation to an XML document, or applying an XQuery to an XML document. The syntax of XPath bears some resemblance to an SQL query, and indeed, it is possible to form SQL-like queries on an XML document using XPath.

XSLT Injection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Injection using XSL transformations may be possible, and may allow an attacker to read system information, read and write files, or execute arbitrary code.